{"id":9788,"date":"2021-07-02T09:00:59","date_gmt":"2021-07-02T08:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/?p=9788"},"modified":"2021-07-02T13:43:16","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T12:43:16","slug":"que-tener-en-cuenta-sobre-la-dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/pt\/que-tener-en-cuenta-sobre-la-dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor\/","title":{"rendered":"O que considerar sobre a dureza da \u00e1gua em caldeiras a vapor?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\">No seguimento do tema anterior, no qual trat\u00e1mos a <a href=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/pt\/aspectos-clave-del-tratamiento-de-agua-para-calderas-de-vapor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>aspectos chave do tratamento de \u00e1gua para caldeiras de vapor<\/b><\/span><\/a>Nesta ocasi\u00e3o, detalharemos as considera\u00e7\u00f5es a serem levadas em conta em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 dureza da \u00e1gua em caldeiras a vapor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">A \u00e1gua \u00e9 referida como \u00e1gua \"dura\" ou \"mole\". A \u00e1gua dura cont\u00e9m impurezas que formam escaldaduras, enquanto a \u00e1gua mole cont\u00e9m pouco ou nenhumas. A diferen\u00e7a pode ser facilmente reconhecida pelo efeito da \u00e1gua sobre o sab\u00e3o. \u00c9 preciso muito mais sab\u00e3o para ensaboar com \u00e1gua dura do que com \u00e1gua macia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">A dureza \u00e9 causada pela presen\u00e7a de sais minerais de c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio e s\u00e3o estes mesmos minerais que promovem a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de incrusta\u00e7\u00f5es. H\u00e1 duas classifica\u00e7\u00f5es comuns de dureza:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Dureza alcalina (tamb\u00e9m conhecida como dureza tempor\u00e1ria):<\/b> Os bicarbonatos de c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis pela dureza alcalina. Os sais dissolvem-se na \u00e1gua para formar uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o alcalina. Quando o calor \u00e9 aplicado, eles se decomp\u00f5em liberando di\u00f3xido de carbono e escamas macias ou lama. Isto \u00e9 por vezes referido como \"dureza tempor\u00e1ria\", porque a dureza \u00e9 removida por fervura. Este efeito pode ser visto como uma escala dentro de uma chaleira el\u00e9ctrica. Nos n\u00fameros seguintes voc\u00ea ver\u00e1 esta edi\u00e7\u00e3o, no segundo voc\u00ea ver\u00e1 a situa\u00e7\u00e3o dentro da chaleira representada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9789\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1348\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-150x45.png 150w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-600x181.png 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-800x241.png 800w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1024x308.png 1024w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor.png 1348w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1348px) 100vw, 1348px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9790\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1346\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1-150x50.png 150w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1-600x199.png 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1-768x254.png 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1-800x265.png 800w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1-1024x339.png 1024w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-1.png 1346w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1346px) 100vw, 1346px\" \/><\/b><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Dureza n\u00e3o alcalina ou carbonatos (tamb\u00e9m conhecida como dureza permanente): <\/b>Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 devido \u00e0 presen\u00e7a de sais de c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio sob a forma de sulfatos e cloretos. Estes precipitam-se fora da solu\u00e7\u00e3o, devido \u00e0 sua reduzida solubilidade quando a temperatura aumenta, formando escamas duras que s\u00e3o dif\u00edceis de remover. Al\u00e9m disso, a presen\u00e7a de s\u00edlica na \u00e1gua da caldeira tamb\u00e9m pode produzir escamas duras e pode reagir com sais de c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio para formar silicatos que podem impedir seriamente a transfer\u00eancia de calor nos tubos de combust\u00e3o e causar o superaquecimento dos mesmos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p5\"><b>Considera\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a dureza total da \u00e1gua em caldeiras a vapor<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">A dureza total n\u00e3o pode ser classificada como um tipo de dureza, mas como a soma das concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00edons c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio presentes quando estes s\u00e3o conhecidos como CaC03. Se a \u00e1gua \u00e9 alcalina, uma parte desta dureza, igual em magnitude \u00e0 alcalinidade total e tamb\u00e9m conhecida como CaC03, \u00e9 considerada como dureza alcalina, e o restante como dureza n\u00e3o alcalina, como mostra a figura abaixo:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9791\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1346\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2-150x17.png 150w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2-300x33.png 300w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2-600x67.png 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2-768x86.png 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2-800x89.png 800w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2-1024x114.png 1024w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-2.png 1346w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1346px) 100vw, 1346px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"p5\"><b>Sais de s\u00f3dio n\u00e3o espumantes<\/b><\/h4>\n<p class=\"p1\">Sais n\u00e3o duros como os sais de s\u00f3dio tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o presentes e s\u00e3o muito mais sol\u00faveis do que os sais de c\u00e1lcio ou magn\u00e9sio. Estes geralmente n\u00e3o formar\u00e3o escala nas superf\u00edcies de uma caldeira, como se v\u00ea na figura abaixo:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9792\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1662\" height=\"634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-150x57.png 150w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-600x229.png 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-768x293.png 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-800x305.png 800w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-1024x391.png 1024w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3-1536x586.png 1536w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-3.png 1662w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1662px) 100vw, 1662px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"p5\"><b>Unidades comparativas<\/b><\/h4>\n<p class=\"p1\">Quando os sais se dissolvem na \u00e1gua, formam part\u00edculas carregadas eletricamente, chamadas \u00edons.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">As partes met\u00e1licas (c\u00e1lcio, s\u00f3dio, magn\u00e9sio) podem ser identificadas como c\u00e1tions porque s\u00e3o atra\u00eddas pelo c\u00e1todo e t\u00eam cargas el\u00e9tricas positivas.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Os \u00e2nions s\u00e3o partes n\u00e3o met\u00e1licas e t\u00eam cargas negativas - bicarbonatos, carbonatos, cloretos, sulfatos, s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para o \u00e2nodo. Cada impureza \u00e9 geralmente expressa como a quantidade qu\u00edmica equivalente de carbonato de c\u00e1lcio com um peso molecular de 100.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"p5\"><b>Valor de pH como outro aspecto a ser considerado no tratamento de \u00e1gua em caldeiras a vapor.<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Outro termo a considerar \u00e9 o valor do pH; n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma impureza ou elemento, \u00e9 simplesmente um valor num\u00e9rico que representa o teor potencial de hidrog\u00eanio da \u00e1gua - que \u00e9 uma medida da acidez ou alcalinidade da \u00e1gua. A \u00e1gua, H2O, tem dois tipos de \u00edons - \u00edons hidrog\u00eanio (H+) e \u00edons hidroxila (OH-).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Se predominarem i\u00f5es de hidrog\u00e9nio, a solu\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 \u00e1cida com um pH entre 0 e 6. Se predominarem i\u00f5es de hidroxilo, a solu\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 alcalina, com um pH entre 8 e 14. Se houver um n\u00famero igual de i\u00f5es de hidroxilo e hidrog\u00e9nio, ent\u00e3o a solu\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 neutra, com um pH de 7.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u00c1cidos e \u00e1lcalis t\u00eam o efeito de aumentar a condutividade da \u00e1gua acima da de uma amostra neutra. Por exemplo, uma amostra de \u00e1gua com um valor de pH de 12 ter\u00e1 uma condutividade maior do que uma amostra com um valor de pH de 7.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">As tabelas seguintes mostram os valores de pH como valores num\u00e9ricos e a sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com as subst\u00e2ncias do dia-a-dia:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9793\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1656\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-150x25.png 150w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-300x51.png 300w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-600x101.png 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-768x130.png 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-800x135.png 800w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-1024x173.png 1024w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4-1536x260.png 1536w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-4.png 1656w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1656px) 100vw, 1656px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9794\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1854\" height=\"2132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-130x150.png 130w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-261x300.png 261w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-522x600.png 522w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-600x690.png 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-768x883.png 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-890x1024.png 890w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-1336x1536.png 1336w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5-1781x2048.png 1781w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Dureza-del-agua-en-calderas-de-vapor-5.png 1854w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1854px) 100vw, 1854px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Uma vez que voc\u00ea est\u00e1 interessado em aprender mais sobre aspectos-chave do tratamento de \u00e1gua para caldeiras a vapor, <a href=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/pt\/newsletter\/?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=cta_vapor&amp;utm_campaign=vapor_cta_newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>subscreva a newsletter especializada em sistemas de vapor industrial<\/b><\/span><\/a>As novas tend\u00eancias do vapor, um recurso que o ajudar\u00e1 a receber mais conte\u00fado sobre as novas tend\u00eancias do vapor, tais como o que deve ser cuidado quando se trata de <a href=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/pt\/como-seleccionar-un-medidor-de-caudal-para-sistemas-de-vapor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>selecionando um medidor de vaz\u00e3o para sistemas de vapor<\/b><\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/pt\/newsletter\/?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=cta_vapor&amp;utm_campaign=vapor_cta_newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6366 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325.jpg\" alt=\"calidad del vapor en el proceso industrial\" width=\"1250\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325-150x48.jpg 150w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325-300x95.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325-600x190.jpg 600w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325-768x243.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325-800x253.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325-1024x324.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vaporparalaindustria.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CTAnewsletter1900x602spiraxsacro-1-e1494511746325.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1250px) 100vw, 1250px\" \/><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seguindo o t\u00f3pico anterior, no qual tratamos dos aspectos chave do tratamento da \u00e1gua em caldeiras de vapor, desta vez detalharemos as considera\u00e7\u00f5es a serem levadas em conta em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 dureza da \u00e1gua em caldeiras de vapor. A \u00e1gua \u00e9 referida como \u00e1gua \"dura\" ou \"mole\". A \u00e1gua dura cont\u00e9m impurezas ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9795,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[107],"tags":[],"class_list":{"2":"type-post","7":"category-tratamiento-del-agua-para-calderas-de-vapor","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 tener en cuenta sobre la dureza del agua en calderas de vapor?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La dureza del agua es otro de los aspectos clave que se deben tener presentes durante el tratamiento de agua para calderas de vapor.\" 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